Alexander III King of Scotland ¹⁶⁸⁸

  General Notes:

The last major ruler of the dynasty of kings descended from Malcolm III Canmore (reigned 1058-93), who consolidated royal power in Scotland. Alexander left his kingdom independent, united, and prosperous, and his reign was viewed as a golden age by Scots caught up in the long, bloody conflict with England after his death.

The only son of King Alexander II (reigned 1214-49), Alexander III was seven years old when he came to the throne. In 1251 he was married to Margaret (d. 1275), the 11-year-old daughter of England's King Henry III. Henry immediately began plotting to obtain suzerainty over Scotland. In 1255 a pro-English party in Scotland seized Alexander, but two years later the anti-English party gained the upper hand and controlled the government until Alexander came of age the year 1262.

In 1263 Alexander repulsed an invasion by the Norwegian king Haakon IV, who ruled the islands along Scotland's west coast. Haakon's son, King Magnus V, in 1266 ceded to Alexander the Hebrides and the Isle of Man. Alexander was killed in 1286 when his horse fell over a cliff. Because his children were all dead, his infant grandchild Margaret "the Maid of Norway" (d. 1290) succeeded to the throne. ¹⁶⁸⁸

Alexander married Margaret Princess of England on 26 Dec 1251 in York Minster, York, North Yorkshire, England.¹⁶⁸⁸ (Margaret Princess of England was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor, Berkshire, England,¹⁶⁸⁸ died on 26 Feb 1275 in Fife, Scotland ¹⁶⁸⁸ and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland ¹⁶⁸⁸.)

Alexander next married Yolande de Dreux on 1 Nov 1285 in Jedburgh Abbey, Roxburghshire, Scotland.¹⁶⁸⁸ (Yolande de Dreux was born before 1275 ¹⁶⁸⁸ and died in 1323 ¹⁶⁸⁸.)